Unit Five K:
Age of Revolution
(1750CE - 1900 CE)
The Age of Revolution represents an era that unleashed global forces that continue to play themselves out in the 21st century. It is an epoch of “-isms”: nationalism; industrialism, mercantilism, capitalism, liberalism, socialism, communism, imperialism, and colonialism. It reflected an age of political revolutions and reaction against revolutionary ideas. It was a period of economic and social revolutions, which was marked by dramatic changes in the structure of social classes and changes in the traditional roles of men, women and children. It heralded the modern age and raised a series of essential questions. At the beginning of the 20th century, the nations of the west held positions of dominance and hegemony that few, if any, nations ever achieved in world history. During this period, Japan and the United States became major players on the world stage.
Guided Notes / Hand Outs / Printable Materials
Focus Questions & Vocabulary of Revolutions
Focus Questions - Revolutions
1. How did Enlightenment ideas lead to the:
and the French Revolutions? 3. What were the long-range political causes of both the American and the French Revolutions? 4. How did the feudal social class system, in place since the Middle Ages, contribute to the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789?• What is meant by the term nationalism? 5. How can nationalism be considered both a unifying and divisive force in global history? 6. How did the Napoleonic Code and Napoleon’s revision of political, economic, and educational organizations provide greater centralization of authority? 7. What were the lasting effects of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire on global history? 8. How did the success of the American and French Revolutions affect Latin American colonies? 9. How was the traditional social class system of France (with the Three Estates) similar to the social class systems of 18th century colonial Latin American societies? 10. Which social class group(s) most wanted change in colonial Latin America? Why? 11. Which groups led the revolutions in Latin America? Why? 12. In what ways was Simon Bolivar similar to George Washington? Different? 13. What role(s) did women play in the revolutions that occurred from 1750-1914? Focus Questions - Reactions to Revolution
In what ways did the Congress of Vienna represent a conservative point of view regarding
- revolutionary changes? - democratic ideas? -Nationalistic movements? • What actions did the Congress of Vienna take to establish a balance of power after the defeat of Napoleon in Europe? • What reactions against revolutionary ideas occurred in Europe, Russia, and Latin America? • How did events across Europe in the year 1848 show a clash between conservatism and liberalism? • In 19th century Russia, what political and economic conditions kept Russia from a more democratic and progressive form of government? • In the mid-19th century, Eastern Europe maintained serfdom as the basis for economies, whereas Western Europe did not. What were some of the consequences of this differences? Focus Questions Latin Revolutions
What political, economic, and social forces led to the 19th century failure of democracy in Latin America?
How did each of these groups respond to the ideals of the revolutionaries? - Land-owning elite? - mestizos? - mulattoes? - indigenous (native) peoples? - slaves? Why did Latin American economies come to rely on single-cash crops for income? Why might this have had negative effects over time? What were the causes of the Mexican Revolution (1910-1930)? What role did the peasants play in this Mexican Revolution? What specific role was played by each of the following Mexican leaders in the Mexican Revolution? Why did the viewpoints of landholders and peons regarding the Mexican Revolution differ? What part did nationalism play in the Mexican Revolution? How would you define "conservatism" and "liberalism" in the context of Latin American history? Focus Questions - Rise of Nationalism
- What is nationalism?
• How has nationalism affected global history? • In what ways can nationalism both unite and divide people? • How did Otto von Bismarck use realpolitik and “Blood and Iron” to increase German nationalism and unify Germany? • In what ways were the following nationalist leaders instrumental in unifying Italy into a single Italian nation-state?
Focus Questions Industrial Revolutions
• Before the Industrial Revolution, what system was used to produce goods like clothing?
• Why did the Industrial Revolution begin where it did? • What inventions helped launch the factory system? • What is the connection between the Industrial Revolution and Adam Smith’s theory of laissez-faire economics as explained in his book The Wealth of Nations? • Why is the word “revolution” used to explain the economic, social and political changes of the Industrial “Revolution?” • How has the Industrial Revolution impacted gender roles and the status of women? • What were specific effects of industrialization on the environment? • Why does industrialization cause urbanization? • Why did each of the following groups respond to the Industrial Revolution differently? - entrepreneurs - utopian reformers like Robert Owen - legislative reformers - pro-labor unionists - socialists - communists - Karl Marx - Friedrich Engels. • How did the Industrial Revolution change the ways societies answer the three basic questions of economics? • What are similarities between the Industrial Revolution in England in the late 1700s and the industrialization of developing countries like China or India today? What are some differences? • What were the long-range and immediate causes of the mass starvation in Ireland which occurred from 1845-1850? • What role did prejudice and ethnocentrism play in the Irish famine? • What effect did The Famine have on:
Focus Questions - Imperialism
What is the difference between "Old Imperialism" and "New Imperialism?"
Which centuries fit each phrase? • Why did nations adopt imperialist policies? • What is the relationship between nationalism and imperialism? • Why were Social Darwinist theories popular with nationalists? imperialists? • What led to the Sepoy Mutiny in India in 1857? • How did British views on how to control their assets in India change after the Sepoy Mutiny? • What was the effect of the Berlin Conference in 1884? • What strategies did Africans adopt to resist European imperialism? • In what ways did events in the Belgian Congo contribute to an anti-slavery reform movement in Europe? • How did nationalistic conflicts between European imperialists in Africa lead to World War I? • Imperialistic powers had wanted to trade on their own terms with China for centuries, but the Chinese greatly reduced contact with foreigners during the late Ming and Qing dynasties. What commodity did the British introduce into China to get the Chinese to become more interested in trading with imperialist barbarians? • What were the immediate and long-term impacts of European imperialism in Asia? |
Vocabulary - Revolutions
Bill of Rights
guillotine blockade Legislative Assembly checks and balances Levée en Masse Committee of Public Safety matriarchy concordat Napoleonic Code Continental System National Assembly coup d’état Old Regime Declaration of Independence patriarchy Regionalism Estates-General Reign of Terror federal system sans-culottes the Grand Army scorched-earth policy gender roles self-determination gender status separation of powers guerilla warfare Tennis Court Oath Vocabulary - Reactions to Revolution
balance of power
liberal Congress of Vienna radical conservative reactionary legitimacy Vocabulary Latin Revolutions
altitude
land reform arid marine climate cash crop economies Mediterranean climate creoles mestizos economic diversity mulatto esethnic diversity peninsulares ethnic blending savanna geographic diversity semi-arid climate highlands slaves humid subtropical tropical rainforest indigenous peoples tropical desert Vocabulary - Nationalism
Balkan nationalism
real politik Impressionism Red Shirts Indian National Congress (INC)romanticism kaiser Italy "Muslim League" Turks nationalism Zionism realism Vocabulary - Industrial Revolution
abolition
factory system Agrarian Revolution gender roles anti-Semitism gender status bourgeoisie/middle class Third Republic Home Rule capitalism laissez-faire capitalism Dreyfus affair Chartist Movement legislative reform command economy market economy dominion collective bargaining Marxism communism matriarchy corporation aborigine patriarchy crop rotation Russian serfdom penal colony demographic shift socialism developed nation Maori strike developing nation suffrage manifest destiny secede segregation enclosure system urbanization entrepreneur emancipation proclamation utopian socialism factors of production mass culture radioactivity psychology ehory of evolution Charles Darwin Zionism Vocabulary - Imperialism
assimilation
new imperialism caudillo old imperialism direct rule Pacific Rim El Norte sepoy Sepoy Mutiny Annexation Indochina paternalism extra territorial rights racism geopolitics Raj imperialism sepoy indirect rule Social Darwinism land redistribution spheres of influence La Reforma Victorian Age White Man's burden direct control Protectorate dominion Boer Great Trek Shaka Berlin Conference Social Darwinism Crimean War Suez Canal colony assimiliation liberation theology |