Unit SIX K:
World Wars
(1900CE - 2015 CE)
The study of the first half of the 20th century explores the two world wars; revolution and change in Russia; the rise of democracy and tyranny; the women's suffrage movement; the expansion of global militarism and imperialism; the colonial response to imperialism; and the Great Depression. The problems and paradoxes that were faced during this era shaped the forces that are moving our contemporary world.
Guided Notes / Hand Outs / Printable Materials
Focus Questions & Vocabulary of Revolutions
Focus Questions - WWI
What roles did militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism, and ethnic conflict play in the outbreak of World War I?
•Why might the German, French, and British view the causes of World War I differently? •How did technological advances affect the course of World War I? •What role did women play in World War I? How did those roles give momentum to the women’s suffrage movements? •How can the Armenian massacre be defined as a genocide? •What were the political, social, and economic causes and consequences of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire? •What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Did these terms contribute to the rise of Fascism and Nazism, and the outbreak of World War II? •How did the arts and propaganda reflect sentiments regarding this war? Focus Questions - Russian Revolution
• What were the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1905?
• How did the various social, political, and economic groups view the Russian Revolution? • To what extent was World War I a cause of the March and October Revolutions? • Why did a communist revolution occur in Russia rather than in a more industrialized nation? • What roles did Trotsky, Lenin, and Kerensky play in the Bolshevik takeover? • How did the United States' reaction to the Bolshevik Revolution differ from its reaction to the March Revolution? Why? • How were women involved in the Russian Revolutions? • What steps did the Communists take to industrialize the Soviet Union? • To what extent did the Stalinist regime respect the human rights of the various ethic groups that lived within the Soviet Union? Focus Questions - Great Depression/ crisis
To what extent did the Treaty of Versailles set the stage for World War II?
•How did the League of Nations plan to deal with future international conflicts? • Why did Kemal Atatűrk establish the policies of modernization and westernization for Turkey? • How did women’s participation in the social and economic well-being of their countries during World War I help foster their right to vote in national elections? • What were the causes the Great Depression? What was it? • Why did the Japanese adopt policies of militarism and imperialism? • What impact did Japanese occupation have on China? •Why did Britain and France practice a policy of appeasement between the wars? • During the time period between the wars, what was the colonial response to European imperialism? Focus Questions - WWII
- How did renewed imperialism, aggression by the Axis powers, The Treaty of Versailles, rising nationalism, appeasement policies, and the Great Depression lead to World War ll?
- What were the key totalitarian governments who came to power in Post WWI Europe? Who were their Leaders and what types of governments did they establish? - Why did Mussolini aggressively attack Ethiopia? - What was the May 4th movement? - Why was Japan's Invasion of Manchuria a military acto of aggression? - • Why were the leaders of Britain, France and the United States slow to respond to the aggression of Germany, Italy, and Japan? - What provisions were settled under the terms of the Munich Conference? • What roles did Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt play in the Allies' ultimate success? • Why did Stalin and Hitler initially become allies through the Nazi Soviet Pack? Why did that alliance dissolve? - What role did the Spansh Civil War play in the advancement of Stalin, Mussolini and Hitler? • Why and how did the Final Solution come about? • How did the interpretation of the Holocaust change over time? To what extent was (and is) the Holocaust viewed differently by different groups? • To what extent, and why, do the Germans, Russians, British, French, and Americans view World War II differently? - Why was the Battle of the Midway considered a turning point in the Pacific Theater? • How did the two world wars affect the roles and status of women? • Why is World War II considered a total war? • Why did Truman decide to drop the atomic bomb on Japan? - Where were the two atomic bombs dropped and what was the outcome? • How did World War II change global power structures? • Why was the United Nations created? • How successful has the United Nations been in achieving its goals? • What role did the United Nations play in the Cold War and the post-Cold War world? • What role did the United Nations play in the Korean conflict? • What role did the United Nations play in the struggle for justice and human rights? Focus Questions - Cold War
How did the failure of democracy in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s affect post-World War II Germany?
•How did the outcome of WWII impact the development of democracy in Germany and Japan? •Why does Germany has very liberal asylum laws? •What is the nature of Germany’s diplomatic relations with Israel? Why? •How was Japan’s post WWII constitution developed? How did this constitution differ from the one developed during the Meiji Period? •At the end of WWII, why did the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as superpowers? •How did differing ideologies between the United States and the Soviet Union heighten Cold War tensions? •How did the Cold War lead to the Arms Race? •How did the Cold War encourage the development of new military and economic alliances in Europe and beyond? •How did the Marshall Plan affect European recovery? •How did superpower competition during the Cold War lead to political and economic conflicts in Asia and Latin America? •Why did nations like Greece and Turkey become important in superpower rivalries? •During the Cold War, what was the role of nonaligned nations? •How did Korean expectations of what would happen to their country after WWII differ from the expectations of the superpowers? •What efforts are currently being made to reunify the Koreas? What role did science and technology play in Cold War conflicts? •Why did the United States play such a vital role in the economic recovery of Europe and Japan? • How did Japan become an economic superpower? What impact will the growing economics of China and India have on the global economy of the 21st century? Why did the command economics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe collapse? What role did science and technology play in Cold War conflicts? •Why did the United States play such a vital role in the economic recovery of Europe and Japan? •How did Japan become an economic superpower? What impact will the growing economics of China and India have on the global economy of the 21st century? Why did the command economics of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe collapse? •What roles do such organizations as the European Union, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and the North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) play in the global economy? •How does the European Union affect the economy of Europe and the world? •How does the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) affect the global economy? •How has the presence of vast quantities of oil impacted the economic, political, and social development of the Middle East? •Has North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) been successful? Why or why not? •What problems do developing nations of Central and South America, Africa, and Asia face? •What impact did reliance on cash crop farming have on developing nations? •Why did the Soviet Union's political and economic systems collapse? •What impact did the collapse of the Soviet Union have on the United States, China, and India? •How successful has Russia been in its transition from a command to a market economy? Focus Questions - Role of The U.N.Why was the United Nations created?
•How successful has the United Nations been in achieving its goals? •What role did the United Nations play in the Cold War and the post-Cold War world? •What role did the United Nations play in the Korean conflict? •What role did the United Nations play in the struggle for justice and human rights? Focus Questions - Chinese Communist Revoution•Why were the Communists successful in achieving power in China?
•How did Mao Zedong promote social, political, and economic changes? •Why did Mao Zedong institute a Cultural Revolution and how did it impact China’s development? •How might a Chinese perspective of “liberation” differ from that of a Westerner's perspective? •To what extent are the stages of the Communist revolution in China similar to other revolutions? •How did women play a role in the Communist Revolution? •Did women achieve equality in Communist China? Why or why not? •How did the Four Modernizations under Deng Xiaoping affect China’s development? •Why has China adopted a market economy but still resists the development of western democracy and human rights? •How is China affecting the global economy in the 21st century? Focus Questions - Decolonization•Why did colonial empires collapse after WWII?
•What is decolonization? •How does decolonization show the strengths and weaknesses of imperialism? What role did Ghandi play in the decolonization of India? How did the Indian Naational Congress and the Muslim League compete for power during India's independence movement? •How independent are the economies and political systems of former European colonies? •How successfully have former colonies industrialized? What role did Jomo Kenyatta plan in the independence of Kenya? Who were the Mau Mau? Why was India divided into two separate states of India and Pakistan? What happened to the two regions of Pakistan? What nations was developed from one of the two nations? What type of government did Mobutu instill in Congo turning it into Zaire? Why was Charles De Gaulle an important figure during the decolonization movements? What role did Nehru play in the independence movements of Africa? What was the goal of the 99 year lease in the Philippines? What role did Kwame Nkrumah play in the independence of Ghana? •How did the relationship between former colonial powers and colonies change after independence? •How did apartheid end in South Africa? Focus Questions- Conflict and Change in the Middle East•Why does the Middle East play such an important role in the global economy?
•To what extent has the migration of Jews to Israel been similar to earlier migrations? To other contemporary migrations? •Why has it proven so difficult to resolve conflict in the Middle East? •How has the rise of Islamic Fundamentalism affected the Middle East? •What roles do the United States, Syria, Iran, and Israel play in the conflicts of the Middle East? •What is the status of ethnic minorities in the Middle East? •What role did individuals and groups play in Middle Eastern conflicts? •What role do conflicting ideologies play in Middle Eastern conflicts? |
Vocabulary - WWI
alliances massacres
Allied Powers Moroccan Crisis Serbian Nationalism Black Hand Triple Alliance diplomacy militarism Armenians mobilize armistice nationalism blockade neutral Central Powers propaganda entente stalemate ethnic conflict suffrage Fascism technological change Fourteen Points total war poison gas zepplin submarine warfare uboat Gallipoli Campaign gender roles Treaty of Versailles gender status trench warfare Paris Peace Conference Liberty Bonds conscription rationing mandates genocide victory gardens home front Young Turks imperialism Vocabulary - Revolution
abdicate
Marxism Bolsheviks Mensheviks bourgeoisie NEP (New Economic Policy) Bloody Sunday peasants collectivization proletariat command economy Provisional Government communism purge counter revolution Social Revolutionaries czar Soviet Duma Soviet Realism five-years plans totalitarian state Kulaks Treaty of Brest Litovsk Vocabulary - Great Depression / crisis
civil disobedience
modernization depression nationalism facism Nazism Fourth Reform Bill (1918) propaganda Fifth Reform Bill (1928) reparations Guomindang Satyagraha harijan stalemate imperialism suffrage westernization League of Nations Roosevelt Women’s Temperance League mandate system Women’s Labour League Mao Zedong May 4th Movement Nationalist Party China Qing Dynasty The Long March Vocabulary - WWII
aggressiongender statusappeasementgenocideAxisHolocaustBattle of Britainhomefrontblitz/blitzkriegkamikazecadreThe Long Marchconcentration camplebensraumco-prosperity sphereoffensivedefensivephoney warfacismracial purityfinal solutionSecond Frontgas chamberstotal wargender rolesWar Crimes Trials
aggression
Francisco Franco Spanish Civil war Mussolini Stalin Hitler Chamberlin Truman gender status appeasement genocide Axis Powers Holocaust Battle of Britain Battle of the Bulge D - Day European Theater Pacific Theater home front blitz/blitzkrieg kamikaze cadre The Long March concentration camp offensive defensive phoney war facism Weimar Republic racial purity anti- semitism final solution Second Front gas chambers total war gender roles War Crimes Trials Nuremberg Marshall Plan Truman Doctorine United Nations Warsaw Pact Declaration of Human Rights General Assemblyn on aligned nations United Nations Security Council peace keeping World Bank superpowers World Health Organization (WHO)United Nations Charter Yalta Conference Vocabulary - Cold War
arms race
nonaligned nations Berlin Airlift nuclear supremacy satellite states capitalism Soviet- bloc Joseph McCarthy Red Scare Nixon Truman Eisenhower Cold War space race Arms Race NAFTA United Nations Mao Zedong communism sputnik containment subversion decolonization super powers domino theory iron curtain Third World Nations Star Wars Strategic Defense Initiative Tsar bomba Hydrogen Bomb Cuban Missile Crisis Bay of Pigs Vietnam War Korean War Fidel Castro Ho Chi Minh OPEC detente perestroika ethnic cleansing satellite states glasnost solidarity Vocabulary - Role of U.N.Declaration of Human Rights
International Monetary Fund United Nations General Assembly nonaligned nations United Nations Security Council peace keeping World Bank United Nations Charter Yalta Conference Vocabulary - Chinese Communist Revolutioncommunes
Great Leap Forward Cultural Revolution economic zones one child policy Five Year Plans Four Modernizations peasants gender role Red Guard gender status Tiananmen Uprising Vocabulary- Decolonizationapartheid
guerilla warfare human rights caste system nationalism cultural imperialism nongovernmental organizations decolonization refugees sanctions democratic societies tribalism Truth and Reconciliation Commission ethnic conflict urbanization Pan Africanism Amritsar Massacre Sikh Jawaharlal Nehru Muslim League Indian National Congress Bell Act Kwame Nkrumah Negritude Movement Bangladesh Sri Lanka Tamil Factions Malaysia Singapore Popular Movement for Liberation of Angola (MPLA) National Front Liberation Angola (FNLA) Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) National Liberation Front (FLN) UNITA Vocabulary- Conflict and Change in the Middle EastArab-Israeli conflict
nationalism Camp David Accords occupied territories Hamas Oslo Accords Hezbollah Palestinian National Authority Islamic fundamentalism terrorism migration Wye Agreements |